![]() ![]() Likewise, vaccines with high efficacy in clinical trials, like coronavirus vaccines, may have lower effectiveness and a small impact if there isn't high vaccine uptake in the population. Vaccines with moderate or even low efficacy can work very well at a population level. When a large enough proportion of the population is vaccinated, herd immunity begins to come into play. Vaccine uptake - the proportion of a population that gets vaccinated - can also influence vaccine effectiveness. And the health of those receiving the vaccine is also important. The number and age of people enrolled in the trials matter. New variants like delta and omicron may change things. Many factors influence how a vaccine performs in the real world. How the vaccines work will vary a bit from the trial results once millions of people are getting vaccinated. It is calculated the same way, by comparing illness among vaccinated and unvaccinated people.Įfficacy and effectiveness are usually close to each other but won't necessarily be the same. They calculate the vaccine's efficacy by comparing how many cases of the illness occur in each group, vaccinated versus placebo.Įffectiveness, on the other hand, describes how well a vaccine performs in the real world. Researchers design the trials to include two groups of people: those who receive the vaccine and those who receive a placebo. Efficacy is the measure of how well a vaccine works in clinical trials. ![]()
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